1. The Mystery: Why don't galaxies fly apart?

Here is the biggest puzzle in modern astrophysics: Galaxies spin too fast.

According to standard physics (Newton & Einstein), the gravity from visible stars and gas isn't strong enough to hold them together. Stars at the edge should fly off into space. But they don't.

To fix this, scientists invented "Dark Matter"—invisible ghost material that supposedly surrounds every galaxy to add extra gravity. But after 40 years of searching, no one has ever found a single particle of it.

2. How it Works: The "Cosmic Hum"

Imagine the Universe creates a constant, quiet background vibration—like a fundamental hum ($H_0$).

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  In the Center (Newton's World): Near the middle of a galaxy, gravity is loud. It drowns out the background hum. Stars move exactly as Newton predicted.
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  At the Edge (Resonance): Far from the center, gravity gets quiet. Suddenly, the "Cosmic Hum" becomes audible. The stars stop listening to the center and start synchronizing with the Universe itself. This gives them an extra energy boost, keeping them in orbit without Dark Matter.

3. Being Honest with Data

Real Galaxies are Messy

We test this theory against 175 real galaxies from the SPARC database. But real galaxies aren't perfect mathematical circles. They are messy, turbulent clouds of gas. They warp, wobble, and churn.

Sometimes, the data says the speed is measured with an accuracy of 1 km/s. In a turbulent gas cloud, that's physically impossible (it's like measuring the speed of smoke to the millimeter).

To be fair, we use a "Reality Filter" (Error Floor). We assume the gas is always a bit turbulent (at least 5 km/s or 5% of speed). This stops us from being penalized for predicting smooth physics in a messy world.

4. What do the numbers mean?